What range defines contact fire in ballistics?

Contact fire in ballistics refers to the situation where the muzzle of a firearm is pressed directly against the target at the time of discharge. This close proximity produces distinctive markings and effects on the target and surrounding surfaces due to the hot gases and possible residues that escape from the muzzle.

When the muzzle is within 2 inches of the target, it is classified as contact fire. At this range, certain characteristics can be observed, such as the absence of any soot or stippling, as well as the presence of potentially explosive effects or wadding from the bullet, if applicable. This intimate distance helps forensic experts draw conclusions about the circumstances surrounding the shooting, which can be critical in an investigation.

Ranges greater than 2 inches, such as those found in the other choices, indicate the presence of different ballistic effects and would not qualify as contact fire. Therefore, understanding and accurately identifying contact fire is essential for proper crime scene analysis and crime scene reconstruction.