What happens to the impact side when a bullet hits a surface?

When a bullet strikes a surface, the impact generates significant force and energy. This force is imparted on the surface at the point of contact. In this scenario, the impact side experiences a rapid increase in pressure, which leads to it coming under compression. The material of the surface reacts to this force by being pushed inward, causing compression, which can lead to deformation or even fracture depending on the material's properties.

Surfaces that are not designed to absorb such impacts may suffer damage as a result of this compressive force. Conversely, the areas surrounding the impact point generally do not experience the same level of stress, which reinforces the concept that compression is localized to the area directly hit by the bullet.

Understanding this principle is crucial for crime scene investigation, as it helps forensic experts assess damage patterns and determine factors such as bullet trajectory and impact velocity.